The Securities and Exchange Commission is now greenlighting Prosper to facilitate peer-to-peer lending in 14 states with more on the way, borrowing nearly nationwide. Prosper is now the first and thus only Internet auction-based P2P loans platform to have its registration statement declared effective by the SEC, which is evidently good news for other players in the P2P lending industry, such as Lending Club.

SEC’s approval of Prosper’s secondary marketplace, which enables people to loan money directly to other individual and institutional investors, comes a couple of months after the startup had already reignited its lending platform in the State of California (update: and apparently had to suspend it again a few days after).

Chris Larsen, CEO and co-founder of Prosper, is happy the dry period is over:

“With the financial system in crisis, P2P lending – Americans investing in fellow Americans and small businesses – is needed now more than ever. It has been extremely frustrating to be on the sidelines in the teeth of a credit crunch.”

Starting today, Prosper is available to lenders in California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New York, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Borrowing is permitted in the District of Columbia and all states except Iowa, Kansas, Maine, and North Dakota.

Prosper has raised approx. $40 million in capital to date from Accel Partners, DAG Ventures, Fidelity Ventures and Benchmark Capital, among other investors. The company was the first to introduce the concept of people-to-people lending in the U.S. when it launched in 2006. From the time the startup officially launched up until the time it entered an SEC registration quiet period in October 2008, Prosper claims to have grown to more than 800,000 members, facilitating approximately $180 million in personal loans.

Prosper has now enhanced its auction model to include a so-called hard bid floor for each listing, which helps lenders appropriately price for risk while investing online. The bid floor for each listing is calculated by adding the national average certificate of deposit rate that matches the term of the borrower loan to the minimum estimated loss rate assigned to each listing. In addition, Prosper has lowered its minimum bid requirement to $25 (previously $50), which should make it easier for lenders to diversify, particularly smaller ones.

More details are available on the Prosper blog.

But now Prosper is back despite the fact that the SEC hasn’t yet approved its operations, and while they have respected the requested silence up during the six-month hiatus, they haven’t exactly stalled development of the service. The company relaunched its lending services yesterday for the State of California (borrowing can be done throughout the U.S.), and is hoping to take the whole thing nationwide soon.

There are new features, too. Prosper announced its Open Market initiative, which will allow other financial institutions (e.g. auto lenders, small business lenders and community development lenders) to place their already funded loans the Prosper website for auction. The company will vet lenders and require three payments to have already been made on any loan up for sale.

Prosper has raised $40 million in capital to date from Accel Partners and Benchmark Capital, among others. It’s up against well-funded competitors such as Zopa and Lending Club.

Lending Club previously had to do the same thing and suspend new lending last April . (The S.E.C just gave it the green light to start lending again on Tuesday). Zopa shut down it’s P2P lending site in the U.S. last week.

Even before the increased regulatory scrutiny, P2P lending took a massive hit along with the rest of the financial industry. As Brad Stone points out in an excellent piece in the NYT:

Monthly loan volumes at the company have been declining since the credit crisis worsened this spring. Prosper, which is unprofitable after raising $40 million in venture capital, now faces the damaging possibility that lenders may take their money off the site instead of waiting for the S.E.C. to allow lending to resume. That could take several months.

You can see on Lending Stats that Prosper”s membership growth and the number of active lenders and borrowers took a dive starting last April. And delinquencies for loans more than 18 months old are trending at higher than 30 percent. That is because a large portion of Prosper’s loans are in the sub-prime category. People who couldn’t borrow from a bank, borrowed from their neighbors on Prosper instead.

Now they are temporarily shut down.

Prosper is about to get a lot more competition. After more than a year of waiting, UK-based Zopa got the go-ahead from regulators to launch its U.S. Website last week. Zopa, which doesn’t allow sub-prime loans at all, has a 0.1% default rate, whereas Prosper has a 3 percent default rate.

And Lending Club, which started as a Facebook-only application, just got clearance today to operate nationwide. (It had been awaiting approval from half a dozen states, including big ones like California, Michigan, Illinois, and Pennsylvania). Lending Club launched six months ago on Facebook, and opened up its own Website three months ago. In that time, its members have issued 489 loans worth $3.5 million. Of that amount, only $16,000 worth are between 16 and 30 days late on payments (see stats here). It also does not allow sub-prime loans.

Lending Club’s loan portfolio is too small and its loans have been out too short a time to really know what its average default rate will be. But if it can match its larger competitors, it should do fine. Social lending is here to stay.

Zopa’s peer to peer lending service differs from U.S. rivals by working with credit unions to offer person-to-person loans instead of a loans coming directly from lenders on the service like Prosper and Lending Club (works through Facebook). GlobalFunder.com is a yet-to-launch competitor. With Zopa, lenders will place their money in Zopa branded CDs that are then loaned out online. Borrowers apply for loans through their online community by posting their case for the loan and filling out relevant details about their credit risk. Interest rates on five year loans can range from 8.75% to 16.99%, depending on their credit risk.

It’s worth noting that Zopa’s investor, Benchmark also invested in Prosper. The lending market is anticipated to be very large. According to the research firm Online Banking Report, around $100 million in new P2P loans will be issued this year, mostly by Prosper, with new loans growing to as much as $1 billion in 2010 and $9 billion in 2017. Prosper already registered an S-1 with the SEC and reported $96.4 million in loans.

Adding further details to the launch, Allen Stern received an email outlining some differences between the U.S. and U.K. (which TCUK covered) versions. The key differences listed are:

• No risk for investors.
  Your funds will be federally insured. No more worrying about whether your borrowers will pay your loan back.
• Pick who you want to help.
  Investors will choose exactly who they want to help.
• Set your rate.
  Investors will choose how much they want to earn, up to a ceiling.
• No waiting.
  Borrowers will get their loans immediately upon approval.
• Lower your monthly payment.
  Borrowers can actually reduce their loan payments after they’ve borrowed. They’ll do that using rich profiles…

Similar to other P2P lending sites (Prosper, Zopa, Kiva), LendingClub matches borrowers and lenders. However, LendingClub doesn’t work through their own website, but solely through Facebook on the application they launched at the F8 platform launch conference. Borrows and lenders a linked up using their “LendingMatch” system, which recommends loans based on credit and their social relationships to each other. The idea being that trusted relationships make lending more likely and defaults less likely. The application currently has over 13,000 installs.

Unlike Prosper, interest rates aren’t determined through bidding, but calculated based on the borrowers credit score, debt to income ratio, and amount of the loan. There are no hidden fees, and the interest rate is fixed for three years. In July the service surpassed $500K in loans. They recently claimed a little more than 4 out of 5 loans get funded and haven’t reported any defaults or late payments.

It’s still the early days for this industry, and as TC commenters point out, it’s very much a case of Caveat Emptor.

Overview:

Zopa, based in London, is a lending network. Zopa synidicates loans requested by “borrower” members out to “lender” members, based on criteria and parameters set by both parties.

Zopa stands for “Zone of Possible Agreement”, which “is the overlap between one person’s bottom line (the lowest they’re prepared to get for something) and another person’s top line (the most they’re prepared to give for something). It’s the way people negotiate all sorts of stuff – buying a car, getting a mortgage – even a teenager negotiating with parents about staying out late. If there’s no Zopa, there’s no deal.”

Zopa is the first lending and borrowing exchange. What we do is very simple. We put people who want to lend in touch with credit-worthy people who want to borrow. And because there’s no middle-man – the borrower pays just a 1% exchange fee to Zopa upfront – both benefit.

We’re not sure about the “no middle-man” argument since Zopa is, in effect, acting as a middle-man and taking a 1% cut, but the idea is brilliant nonetheless, and it certainly seems to make it easier for people to borrow small amounts of money at reasonable rates.

Borrowing and Lending:

In order to lend or borrow, Zopa does a background and credit check on you to ensure that you are appropriate for their market. They attempt to do this online and with as little hassle to you as possible. Once you are approved you can lend or borrow money within various limits.

For instance, you may borrow from £1000 to £15000, in £500 increments. Lenders can loan a minimum of £500 and a maximum of £25,000. If you’d like to lend more than £25,000, you must obtain a license to become a “consumer lending business”. Zopa will help you through this process.

Zopa spreads the lending risk among many borrows to reduce overall loss risk. Contracts are set at £10 each and must be spread among at least 50 different borrowers. And Zopa aggresively pursues bad debts:

How does Zopa deal with bad debts?
If one of your borrowers defaults, Credit Resource Solutions Ltd, a collections agency, will undertake to recover any money outstanding. Should it be unable to do so after 120 days, you agree to sell the debt to a collections agency for a price that will be agreed at the time, but which will not be less than 10% of the amount then outstanding. The agency will pay a fixed percentage of the outstanding amount to us which we will pass back to you. We will not allow that borrower to borrow again and will suspend their membership. Furthermore, we will pass their details back to our credit referencing agency which may affect their ability to get credit in the future.

Zopa claims 16,000 registered members. Currently, Zopa is only open to U.K. residents who are more than 18 years old and have a bank account and personal Equifax credit rating. Additional information is available at their Help site. The Zopa team (quite a long list) can be viewed here.

Additional Links:

Scott Loftesness (we first saw this at Scott’s site), Johnnie Moore (podcast interview with Zopa’s CFO, James Alexander and its Inventor, Dave Nicholson – includes partial transcript), Wired, PaymentsNews, Business 2.0, Matt Asay, BubbleGeneration, UserDriven